Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network. Very generally, most of communications can be divided into connection-oriented, and connectionless. For connection-oriented communications, communication parties usually have different roles. One party is usually waiting for incoming connections; this party is usually referred to as "server". Another party is the one which initiates connection; this party is usually referred to as "client". For connectionless communications, one party ("server") is usu ...
ally waiting for an incoming packet, and another party ("client") is usually understood as the one which sends an unsolicited packet to "server". Whether a communication is a connection-oriented, or connectionless, is defined by the communication protocol, and not by application programming interface (API). Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up).
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